Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Note 11 - Fair Value Measurement

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Note 11 - Fair Value Measurement
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

NOTE 11 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

 

Measurement of fair value under U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value, as of the measurement date, into three broad levels, which are described below:

 

Level 1:          Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

Level 2:          Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data.

Level 3:          Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

 

In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible and also considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

 

Debt Securities. Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the hierarchy. Level 1 securities include highly liquid government securities such as U.S. Treasuries and exchange-traded equity securities. For securities traded in secondary markets for which quoted market prices are not available, the Company generally relies on pricing services provided by independent vendors. Such independent pricing services are to advise the Company on the carrying value of the securities available for sale portfolio. As part of the Company’s procedures, the price provided from the service is evaluated for reasonableness given market changes. When a questionable price exists, the Company investigates further to determine if the price is valid. If needed, other market participants may be utilized to determine the correct fair value. The Company has also reviewed and confirmed its determinations in discussions with the pricing service regarding their methods of price discovery. Securities measured with these techniques are classified within Level 2 of the hierarchy and often involve using quoted market prices for similar securities, pricing models or discounted cash flow calculations using inputs observable in the market where available. Examples include U.S. government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions, and certain corporate, asset-backed and other securities. In cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, as in the case of certain corporate securities, these securities are classified in Level 3 of the hierarchy.

 

Derivative instruments. The fair values of derivatives are determined based on a valuation pricing model using readily available observable market parameters such as interest rate curves, adjusted for counterparty credit risk. These measurements are classified as level 2 within the valuation hierarchy.

 

Loans Individually Evaluated. Loans individually evaluated are measured and reported at fair value when full payment under the loan terms is not probable. Loans individually evaluated are carried at the present value of expected future cash flows using a discounted cash flow calculation, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent. Expected cash flows are based on internal inputs reflecting expected default rates on contractual cash flows. This method of estimating fair value does not incorporate the exit-price concept of fair value described in ASC 820-10 and would generally result in a higher value than the exit-price approach. For loans measured using the estimated fair value of collateral less costs to sell, fair value is generally determined based on appraisals performed by certified and licensed appraisers using inputs such as absorption rates, capitalization rates and market comparables, adjusted for estimated costs to sell. Management modifies the appraised values, if needed, to take into account recent developments in the market or other factors, such as changes in absorption rates or market conditions from the time of valuation, and anticipated sales values considering management’s plans for disposition. Such modifications to the appraised values could result in lower valuations of such collateral. Estimated costs to sell are based on current amounts of disposal costs for similar assets. These measurements are classified as Level 3 within the valuation hierarchy. Loans individually evaluated are subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustment upon initial recognition or subsequent individual evaluation. A portion of the allowance for credit losses is derived from loans individually evaluated  where the value of such loans is deemed to be less than the unpaid balance. The range of fair value adjustments and weighted average adjustment as of September 30, 2023 was 0% to 65% and 25%, respectively. The range of fair value adjustments and weighted average adjustment as of December 31, 2022 was 0% to 82% and 19.5% respectively. Loans individually evaluated are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly based on the same factors identified above. The amount recognized to write-down individually evaluated loans that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis was $7.2 million and $13.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $1.4 million and $3.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

 

Other Real Estate Owned. Other real estate assets (“OREO”) acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, less selling costs. Any write-downs to fair value at the time of transfer to OREO are charged to the allowance for credit losses subsequent to foreclosure. Values are derived from appraisals of underlying collateral and discounted cash flow analysis. Appraisals are performed by certified and licensed appraisers. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are updated periodically and assets are marked to current fair value, not to exceed the new cost basis. In the determination of fair value subsequent to foreclosure, management also considers other factors or recent developments, such as changes in absorption rates and market conditions from the time of valuation, and anticipated sales values considering management’s plans for disposition, which could result in adjustment to lower the property value estimates indicated in the appraisals. The range of fair value adjustments and weighted average adjustment as of September 30, 2023 was 26% to 100% and 42%, respectively. The range of fair value adjustments and weighted average adjustment as of December 31, 2022 was 0% to 100% and 53.3%, respectively. These measurements are classified as Level 3 within the valuation hierarchy. A loss on the sale and write-downs of OREO and repossessed assets of $33,000 and $28,000 was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $232,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. These charges were for write-downs in the value of OREO subsequent to foreclosure and losses on the disposal of OREO. OREO is classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

 

There was one residential real estate loan with a balance of $95,000 foreclosed and classified as OREO as of  September 30, 2023, compared to two residential real estate loan foreclosures for $248,000 as of December 31, 2022.

 

Ten residential real estate loans totaling $1.8 million were in the process of being foreclosed as of September 30, 2023.  There were no residential real estate loans that were in the process of being foreclosed as of December 31, 2022.

 

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

 

   

Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2023 Using

         
   

Quoted Prices in

                         
   

Active Markets

   

Significant Other

   

Significant

         
   

for Identical

   

Observable Inputs

   

Unobservable

         
   

Assets (Level 1)

   

(Level 2)

   

Inputs (Level 3)

   

Total

 

Assets Measured on a Recurring Basis:

 

(In Thousands)

 

Available for sale debt securities:

                               

U.S. Treasury securities

  $ 280,718     $ -     $ -     $ 280,718  

Mortgage-backed securities

    -       215,241       -       215,241  

State and municipal securities

    -       11,193       -       11,193  

Corporate debt

    -       320,790       6,860       327,650  

Total available-for-sale debt securities

    280,718       547,224       6,860       834,802  

Total assets at fair value

  $ 280,718     $ 547,224     $ 6,860     $ 834,802  
                                 
   

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using

         
   

Quoted Prices in

                         
   

Active Markets

   

Significant Other

   

Significant

         
   

for Identical

   

Observable Inputs

   

Unobservable

         
   

Assets (Level 1)

   

(Level 2)

   

Inputs (Level 3)

   

Total

 

Assets Measured on a Recurring Basis:

 

(In Thousands)

 

Available for sale debt securities:

                               

U.S. Treasury securities

  $ 2,969     $ -     $ -     $ 2,969  

Government agency securities

    -       9       -       9  

Mortgage-backed securities

    -       249,703       -       249,703  

State and municipal securities

    -       13,609       -       13,609  

Corporate debt

    -       367,665       10,860       378,525  

Total available-for-sale debt securities

    2,969       630,986       10,860       644,815  

Interest rate cap derivative

    -       4,201       -       4,201  

Total assets at fair value

  $ 2,969     $ 635,187     $ 10,860     $ 649,016  

 

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

 

   

Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2023

         
   

Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)

   

Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)

   

Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

   

Total

 

Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis:

 

(In Thousands)

 

Loans individually evaluated

  $ -     $ -     $ 69,570     $ 69,570  

Other real estate owned and repossessed assets

    -       -       690       690  

Total assets at fair value

  $ -     $ -     $ 70,260     $ 70,260  
                                 
   

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022

         
   

Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)

   

Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)

   

Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

   

Total

 

Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis:

 

(In Thousands)

 

Loans individually evaluated

  $ -     $ -     $ 73,017     $ 73,017  

Other real estate owned and repossessed assets

    -       -       248       248  

Total assets at fair value

  $ -     $ -     $ 73,265     $ 73,265  

 

In the case of the investment securities portfolio, the Company monitors the portfolio to ascertain when transfers between levels have been affected.  The nature of the remaining assets and liabilities is such that transfers in and out of any level are expected to be rare.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, there was one transfer from Level 3 to Level 2.

 

The table below includes a rollforward of the balance sheet amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 (including the change in fair value) for financial instruments classified by the Company within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy measured at fair value on a recurring basis including changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology:

 

   

For the Three Months Ended

September 30,

   

For the Nine Months Ended

September 30,

 
   

2023

   

2022

   

2023

   

2022

 
   

Available-for-sale Securities

   

Available-for-sale Securities

   

Available-for-sale Securities

   

Available-for-sale Securities

 
   

(In Thousands)

 

Fair value, beginning of period

  $ 6,860     $ 6,000     $ 10,860     $ 16,992  

Transfers into Level 3

    -       -       -       -  

Total realized gains included in income

    -       -       -       -  

Changes in unrealized gains/losses included in other comprehensive income for assets and liabilities still held at period-end

    -       -       160       (805 )

Purchases

    -       -       -       -  

Transfers out of Level 3

    -       -       (4,160 )     (10,187 )

Fair value, end of period

  $ 6,860     $ 6,000     $ 6,860     $ 6,000  

 

The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged in a sale between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Current U.S. GAAP excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its fair value disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

 

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

 

   

September 30, 2023

   

December 31, 2022

 
   

Carrying

           

Carrying

         
   

Amount

   

Fair Value

   

Amount

   

Fair Value

 
   

(In Thousands)

 

Financial Assets:

                               

Level 1 Inputs:

                               

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 1,974,074     $ 1,974,074     $ 814,538     $ 814,538  

Held to maturity U.S. Treasury securities

    558,196       523,182       507,151       470,954  
                                 

Level 2 Inputs:

                               

Federal funds sold

    91,035       91,035       1,515       1,515  

Held to maturity debt securities

    485,453       409,574       526,720       464,749  

Mortgage loans held for sale

    6,333       6,281       1,607       1,604  

Restricted equity securities

    10,226       10,226       7,734       7,734  
                                 

Level 3 Inputs:

                               

Held to maturity debt securities

    250       250       250       250  

Loans, net

    11,488,883       11,069,141       11,541,671       11,265,517  
                                 

Financial Liabilities:

                               

Level 2 Inputs:

                               

Deposits

  $ 13,142,376     $ 13,128,874     $ 11,546,805     $ 11,529,647  

Federal funds purchased

    1,370,289       1,370,289       1,618,798       1,618,798  

Other borrowings

    64,751       57,829       64,726       57,101